Theoretical Framework

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 Theoretical Framework

Teoretical Framework

      A language is said to be a method by which a person expresses his thoughts and feelings in such away that they can be understood by others. Some languages, such as English or Rusian or Chinese are used both in speech and in writing. Furthermore, Pei (1966:141) says : “language is a system of communication by sound operating through the organs of speech and hearing among members of a given community and using vocal symbols possessing arbitrary conventional meaning”.

      Sound is vibration which travel through air or water and are sensed by ear (oxford dictionary). For the case of language, the sound articulated is produced by an air stream that originates in the lungs and is pushed upwards through the trachea (wind pipe), and the oral, and nasal cavities. During it’s passage, the air stream is modified by the various organs of speech, and each such modification has different acoustic effects, which are used for the differentiation of sounds. 

      When we speak we produce a succession of sounds arranged in a group we call word and each word has a definite meaning in the mind of the person using that language. Every language on earth has it’s own particular set of words most of which are quite different from those of any other language. Just as each language has it’s own set of words different from those of other languages, so each language has it’s own set of sounds different from the set used in any others.

      One further point should be noted that no other language has exactly the same sound system, and we often find that one language has more sounds than another. For examples: Spanish has five distinct vowel sounds, English and French have twelve each, and German has fourteen.

      The sounds of Southern Nias variety according to Sitasi Zagötö (1975:132) comprise of twenty two consonants and six vowels. Some of these sounds are similar to English sounds but others are quite different. The Southern Nias and English sounds are described as follows.